Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Plan - Essay Example............................................page 4-5 5). BUSINESS AIMS..............................................................................................page 5 6). BUSINESS OBJECTIVES..............................................................................page 5-6 7). BUSINESS PRODUCTS AND SERVICE.......................................................page 6-7 8). MARKETING MIX............................................................................................page 7 9). BARRIERS TO ENTRY....................................................................................page 7-8 10). DEFINITION OF TARGET MARKET.........................................................page 8-9 11). BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT..........................................................................page 9-10 12). foe ANALYSIS.............................................................................page 10-11 13). MARKETING PLAN............................ ............................................................page 11-12 14). OPERATIONAL PLAN....................................................................................page 12-14 15). FINANCIAL PLANNING AND FORECASTS..............................................page 14-15 16). RISK MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................pag 15 17). HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES........................................................................page 15-16 18). ... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENTpage 20 22). CONCLUSION...page 20-21 1). executive director SUMMARY This business plan is designed to secure funding for my idea, which is basically a restaurant and cookery school in Leicester city and/or contact villages in the United Kingdom. It covers the following topics the business idea, business vision, a mission statement, aims, objectives, the product or service, marketing mix, barriers to entry, a definition of target market, the busines s environment, competitor analysis, marketing plan, operational plan, financial planning and forecasts, risk management, human resource issues, design strategy, time management, potential five year development plan and noetic property management. I am seeking money from potential investors, business advisors, and bank managers who will see this business plan. Therefore, in this business plan, the following profound questions are addressed 1). How much investment funds do I require? 2). What percentage equity am I offering in return for the investment? 3). How will the investors obtain a return on their investment? 4). What is the potential financial exit strategy for the investors? The business plan provides the answer to all these germane(predicate) topics and questions. 2). THE BUSINESS IDEA The business idea of Extensively British restaurant and cookery school comes from its owners dream. It will be a cytosine seat restaurant with a 20 seat lounge, and 2 rooms for instruction with a capacity for 30 students yearly. Its specialization is British cuisine with an Italian touch. The students will take classes from the cookery school, so the restaurant and cooking courses will be in the same place. It

Estimiting the half - value layer thikness Lab Report

Estimiting the half - value layer thikness - Lab Report shellAlpha particles ar easily shielded thus they will present no external radiation hazard.The thickness of material of 50% of the underlying ensuant energy has been attenuated and known as half-value layer (HVL) and it is normally expressed in either mm or cm. Photo energy is normally strung-out on the increasing energy of the stream of photons thus resulting to increase in material HVL.The experimental equipment was outlined as shown in the figure below. The radioactive sources are encapsulated in thin metal shield that absorbs beta radiation accompanying the decay. The alpha radiation is solely slightly attenuated but the beta radiation. every(prenominal) source is contained within a cylindrical lead radiation shield in order to eradicate eminent health hazardsMeasurement was performed to verify the statistics of the wonted pulse counting (cf Data examination). Cs-137 source was used and mounted on a single lead slab a midst sources and corresponding GM-tubeX-rays are normally absorbed in an exponential manner A= A0e(-0692h/H where A0 is the original x-ray intensity, A is the x-ray intensity transmitted via an absorber of thickness x,e is the natural logarithm system and is the slant of the underlying absorption curve(normally linear attenuation coefficient measured in per cm). Linear attenuation coefficient is associated to the corresponding density of the absorber. The half-value layer is normally the thickness of the radiation riveting material that reduces x-ray intensity by .Based on the value from the slope of the natural log plot, the thickness of aluminium and wood in count to reduction of the gamma beam intensity from the radioactive Cs-137 source to the corresponding its initial intensity. The main human error was random error from the experimenter thus I can be controlled by taking many readings.For a thickness of 2HVL the corresponding photon intensity was reduced by of the initia l value whilst for a

Product Life Cycle Concept Essay Example for Free

Product Life Cycle Concept EssayMichael Porters framework of competitive analysis is applicable to our c atomic number 18 organization known as D.T.DOBIE TANZANIA LTD which falls under the automobile labor in Tanzania and worldwide in the following ways A.Barriers to adit/threat of bracing entrants.Its true that the average person cant come along and start selling steel new cars. The emergence of foreign competitors with the capital, required technologies and management skills began to de-escalate the market sh be of shuffling new car sellers. The following factors argon barriers to automobile sellers new entrants* Knowledge and TechnologyIdeas and knowledge of military return its supplied fruits is the one that provides competitive advantage to D.T Dobie over others. D.T Dobie uses machines of highest technology on checking and servicing its cars in which, gives them designer to provide guarantee of up to one year serve well to its product since they are assured of what they are doing. The machines used by the skilled labor of D.T Dobie to service and check the product are of high quality and they are very expensive in such(prenominal) a way that for new entrants firm in that line its an ownership barrier.* Access to distributionThe demand for brand new cars in Tanzania is very low since they are sold at hurt that individual cant afford. D.T Dobie is a prominenter supplier of brand new cars to Tanzania establishment institution, most United Nations (UN) organizations such as UNICEF, ILO, UNESCO, representatives offices in Tanzania and embassies offices. Since these agencies are the most buyers of brand new cars, it has made D.T Dobie to take over almost the access to distribution channel of selling brand new cars in which this act as barrier to new entrants since the buyers are few.* Cost of entryInitial capital required to set up a new firm is very high, it makes the chances of new entrants to be very less. * Product distinctiation and price advantageThe product has to be diametric and attractive to be accepted by the customers. D.T Dobie is the greater seller of brand new NISSAN, MITSUBISHI, MERCEDES BENZ, HONDA and HYUNDAI in which made them different from its competitor since it sells many brands than others. By being supplier of government cars has made them to be exempted when importing cars for government institution uses.B. negociate power of suppliersThe bargaining power of suppliers is also described as the market of in ascribes. Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm, when on that point are few substitutes. Suppliers may refuse to work with the firm and also may charge excessively high prices for unique resources. For organization of our choice i.e. D.T Dobie its suppliers for take vehicles are TOYOTA, NISSAN, MITSUBISHI and MERCEDES BENZ. D.T Dobie is the seller of brand new car in Tanzania where by its in puts i.e. imported new cars from great multinational companies are so important for its survival, this leads the suppliers having great power over D.T Dobie since its not manufacturer but the buyer of finished product. Increase in production cost to one of suppliers on stipulate product may lead to switching cost which will be coition to D.T Dobie switching cost.Degree of differentiation of inputs D.T Dobie suppliers supply different brands in which is difficult for them to switch from one supplier to another. For example if they are required by its customers i.e. government to supply cars thats engine capacity is V8 that pushes them to spread with TOYOTA since other suppliers are not producing cars with that engine capacity. For parts suppliers, the life span of an automobile is very important. The longer a car stays operational, the greater the charter for replacement parts. On the other hand, new parts are lasting longer, which is great for consumers, but is not such good news for parts makers.C. Bargaining power of customersBuyers refer to the customers who finally consume the product or the firms who distribute the attentions product to the final consumers. Bargaining power of buyers refer to the authority of buyers to bargain down the prices charged by the firms in the industry or to increase the firms cost in the industry by demanding fall in quality and service of product. Since our organization of our choice D.T Dobie supplies and sell brand new cars in Tanzania, its customers are few since who can afford to buy brand new cars are government institution, most united nations (UN) organizations such as UNICEF, ILO, UNESCO, representatives offices in Tanzania, embassies offices and individuals who can afford to do so. Since its customers only want quality and guaranteed products this act as driving multitude to D.T Dobie to supply not only quality products but also quality parts and servicing those cars for the whole year as guarantee after being sold out.Since D.T Dobie is greater supplier of brand new NISSAN, MITSUBISHI, MERCEDES BENZ etc. cars in Tanzania availability of substitute products such as FORD, RANGE ROVER, LAND ROVER which are supplied by its competitors like CMC motors and sold at same or at lower price than D.T Dobies stomach made some of its customers to shift to those brands as its known customers are very sensitive to price. Most of those mentioned above customers purchase in large quantities. They have full information about the product and the market. They emphasize upon quality products. They pose credible threat of backward integration. In this way, they are regarded as a threat.D. Threat of Substitute ProductsSubstitute products are goods or services from outside a given industry that perform similar or the same functions as a product that the industry produces. Rather than looking at at the threat of someone buying a different car, there is also a need to also look at the likelihood of batch takin g the bus, train or airplane to their destination. When determining the availability of substitutes time, money invested, personal preferences and convenience in the auto travel industry should be considered. D.T.Dobie should consider the following factors when analyzing this force* Price BandThe threat that consumer will switch to a substitute product if there has been an increase in price of the product or there has been a decrease in price of the substitute product. If the price of the cars sold by D.T.Dobie will increase the important expected customers i.e. the one switching from bike to car will not move to car and will remain in the bike only. Thus the price is kept checked in this manner.* Substitutes performanceThe performance of the substitute sector also plays an important role in the success of the business. If the price of other dealers such as Africariers increases or the price band of the small segment falls, it will have effect on the quantity required in the market . Its retributory on the price but also the features and the other services associated or it may be the status symbol story.* Buyers willingnessProducts with improving price/performance tradeoffs relative to present industry products. It will determine the willingness of the buyer to buy from D.T.Dobie.The willingness of the customers to go forward to try the new product in the market such as Mercedes Benz reduces the threat from substitute products.E. Competitive RivalryThis force analyses the level of competition between existing players in the industry. Because an industrys firms are mutually dependent, actions taken by one company usually invite competitive responses. Thus in many industries firms actively compete against one another. Highly Competitive industries mainly earn low returns because the cost of competition is high. The auto industry is considered to be an oligopoly (a market condition in which sellers are so few that actions of any one of them will materially aff ect price) which helps to minimize the price-based competition. Below are factors which are seen in this force* Price CompetitionAdvertising battles may increase append industry demand, but may be costly to smaller competitors. Products with similar function limit the prices firms can charge. Price competition often leaves the entire industry worse off..* Product QualityIncreasing consumer warranties or service is very common these days. To maintain low cost, companies consistently has to make manufacturing improvements to keep the business competitive. This requires excess capital expenditure which tends to eat up companys earning. On the other hand if no one else can provide products/ services the way you do you have a monopoly. D.T.Dobie enjoys the monopoly of selling new cars are there are no competitors in this segment.* Unique Selling PointAlso D.T. Dobie has advantage over its rivals because it represents a premium brand which is recognized over the world, they found a niche in the market where have a leading brand like Mercedes-Benzes a and a brand which people aspire to own .Also they are lucky to have Nissan one of the most renowned Japanese brands which is an equal pillar of their business.* blowupDT Dobie is looking to grow and move forward, both in its native Tanzania and in surroundings regions. By building strong relationships and working closely with strategic partners, DT Dobies footprint keeps on growing. Also they are expanding by appointing more dealers around the country.* InvestmentIn terms of investing in our own equipment, this takes priority they put all eyes on technology so they are not behind the rest of the world. Even if the latest technical advancement s are available to the company, DT Dobie makes sure any investment is benefiting to the organization as a whole .Every five years D.T. Dobie has an equipment review which makes sure the company is on rightfield track, ensures investments have been successful and assesses whether upgrades need to be made in order to reach the next level, they are absolutely up to date. Also ensures that its vehicle interrogatory equipment has modern standards which outnumber it from its rivals.CONCLUSIONIn general, any CEO or a strategic business manager is trying to steer his or her business in a direction where the business will develop an edge over rival firms. Michael Porters model of louvre Forces can be used to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates. Porters Five Forces model is a strategy tool that is used to analyze attractiveness of an industry structure. Porters Five Forces model views the business from inside and outside. It focuses on assessing competitive position within the industry.

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Aging and Disability Worksheet EssayAnswer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for only the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is defined as prejudice and discrimination against old nation. Schafer writes that for the ageist, elder persons theorize the image of disease, death, and dying as well as a reminder that we all be old one day (2012,pp. 395-396). A nonher stereotype of the elderly is that they argon slow and mentally dysfunctional. All of this is further emphasized by societys fixation with youth. What is the Age Discrimination in Employment dress (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the develop population? The Americans with Disability Act is a law that prohibits discrimination based on disability and only disability. It is somewhat similar to the well-bred Rights Act of 1964. Our textbook defines this law as In many respects, this law is the most sweeping antidiscrimination leg- isolation since the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The ADA went into effect in 1992, viewing people with a disability, defined as a condition that substantially limits a major life activity such as walking or seeing. It prohibits bias in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunication against people with disabilities (Schaefer, 2012). The ADA addresses issues for the ageing population by how our text book sayd basically, we can see it victorious a civil-rights view of disabilities that seeks to humanize the way society sees and treats people with disabilities (Schaefer, 2012). Which is by not discriminating them. What is organism done to address the issues you identified? There are senior citizen centers that have been working to provide activities to bring the elderly together for social interaction. Most elderly look to family as their main source of run system. Many of these elderly try to stay living as close to their children have b een known to sustain with their parents during this time to provide the best care to their aging parents. Retirement is an issue that some employers try to help by letting employers step down so that they may retain some of their benefits from still being employed. The media has started depicting some much of the elderly to be active people that are as bright as young people as distant to times when they made old people appear to be shriveled and wrinkled up people that cannot do much at their age. Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The world population has experienced continuous growth since the end of the Great dearth and the Black Death in 1350, when it stood at around 370 million. The growth rate peaked at 2.2% in 1963, and had declined to 1.1% by 2011. Current projections show a keep increase in population (but a steady decline in the population growth rate). What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging populatio n? In the midterm, anti-age discrimination legislation, better health and a statutory rise in the retirement age to get by the cost of the state pension bill will see more older people working for longer, whether they want to or not (see changes to retirement and pensions). This will decrease the number of old but active volunteers. In the long term, especially as baby boomers become the older old, there will be a rise in demand for health services and long term care, possibly combined with constrained public spending, creating a challenge for the reenforcement of public services and pensions and increasing pressure on families and friends to support retirees. How does poverty affect the aging population? Poverty affects the aging population by them not being able to afford medical insurances and many other expenses such as housing. An increase in the numbers of older people at 80 plus, will mean more with complex needs. The baby boomers are more assertive, put more emphasis on li festyles, and do not consider themselves old. procedure IIAnswer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA makes it illegal to sort out based on disability in several different areas in life. It prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, services rendered by state and local governments, places of public accommodation, transportation, telecommunications services. Under the ADA, accommodative services for these disabilities are usually the same as those offered to people with physical, psychological, sensory and cognitive disabilities. How have people with disabilities been do by in the past? People in the past treated people with disabilities as if they were a disease themselves. In some countries people with disabilities would be bump off to lessen the burden and ease their pain but as time progressed people started to treat them as if the y were a lost kitten, and have become more affectionate towards us or them. How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? The disabled were placed in institutions (by the government) and were often forgotten about thus forcing them to live in unsafe/ unsanitary conditions. In conditions that would be construed as animal cruelty if a kettle owner made their animals live in those actually same conditions the disabled were forced to live in. Many were ab employ, neglected, and murdered either by family members or at the hands of institution workers. The word retarded was used to describe everyone with a disability, regardless of the type of disability or the severity. While discrimination toward the disability is still rampant and the government shows little interest in eliminating disability discrimination. What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? When I was younger I remember going into stores that still had thos e bend things, gosh what are they called? They were made of metal and you had to turn them and go through them in order to get into the store. I would see how that was a huge issue for the people in wheelchairs or many other disabilities.

Effectiveness of Treatment of Postnatal Depression

Effectiveness of Treatment of Postnatal DepressionTREATMENTBut there harbour been a recent number of studies that looked at the effectiveness of sermon of postpartum depression. From one of the most recent publications (Dennis, 2005) provides a meta-analysis of the factors which influence the outcome in the condition. The reference concluded that the only strategy that was shown to have a clear preventative effect was intensive post-partum support from the health lot passkeys who are involved in the caveat of the mother. Surprisingly, this was found to be more effective than all the similar regimes which included an ante-natal component as well.A st sufficient family life, a person experiences in the graduation years of life have profound effects on his or her psychic health. On the other hand, talking about postnatal depression in any case have to concerns about the lives of the babies involved. A child from a stable home, looked after by affectionate, caring parents (o r other adults), is likely to be kindly stable and able to resist e very(prenominal)day stresses than a child from a home where there is emotional strife, constant bickering or violence this child is more at risk of developing a personality incommode in later life. Although one in four of the population in the UK will suffer from a mental health problem at some point in their lives regardless(prenominal) of age, race, gender or social background. Anxiety and depression for an example in post-natal women is fairly common (Fowles, 1996).Postpartum depression is considered as a factor which can affect the discipline of a child in the early terminus of his or her life and partly determines the childs future. The morbidity associated with postnatal depression has a number of potential consequences not only for the mother, but also the child and the tarry of the family as well (Oakley et al, 1996).Several recent studies have shown that healthcare professionals often fail to spot the signs of postnatal depression. Making the diagnosis is obviously the prerequisite of establishing a discourse regime so it is clearly vital for all healthcare professionals to be on their guard for warning signs sleep disturbance, irritability, image swings and irrationality (Ramsay et al, 1995).The greatness of spoting the signs of postnatal depression is stressed in the National Institute of Clinical Excellence clinical management and assist guidance on antenatal and postnatal mental health, which was released lately that it is applicable to healthcare professionals who care for women who are designing a pregnancy, are with child or throughout the postnatal period (the low year after giving own) (NICE, 2007). According to NICE, it is approximated that as numerous as one in seven women experience a mental health complaint in the antenatal or postnatal period (Hagen et al, 2007). The guidance is the first of its kind to make exact recommendations on identification, treatment and management of all mental health deflects, encompassing disquiet, depression, consuming disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It should be read in conjunction with living NICE guidance on mental disorders.The guidance states that service users with a mental health disorder should be granted heritage perceptive data at each stage of evaluation, diagnosis, wrinkle and treatment about the influence of the disorder. This data should cover the appropriate use and probable side-effects of treatment (Harris,1994). This recommendation concerns to women with a living mental health disorder who are with a child or planning for a pregnancy, and those who evolve a mental health disorder throughout pregnancy or the postnatal period.wellnesscare professionals should work to evolve a believing connection with the woman, and her partner(if they have one), imidiate family members and carers where appropriate and agreeable to the woman. In specific, they should be perceptive to the matters of mug and disgrace in relative to mental illness (Harris, 1994). fool as defined by Abrams et al, (2005) is a mark or sign of disgrace or discredit.Stigma causes people to feel uncomfortable or so an issue, or can also cause people to mock the issue in order to make it less threatening to them. Most people who feel uncomfortable is often refused to talk about mental illness therefore causing a silence around the subject. People usually tend to attach stigma to others that are different from them. Often, due to mistaken beliefs, the mentally ill are thought to be dangerous. The stigma attached to mental illness is the main obstacle to better mental health care and better quality of life for people who have the illness, for their families, for their communities and for health service staff that deal with psychiatric disorders (Abrams et al, 2005).Routine communication with doctors and healthcare professionals throughout pregnancy and the postnata l period presents an opening to recognise women who have, or are at risk of evolving, a mental health disorder. At a womans first communication with professionals in both antenatal and postnatal periods, doctors and healthcare professionals should marvel about (Hagen et al, 2007).Past Previous treatment and medication by a psychiatrist or expert mental health group, encompassing inpatient careA family memoir of perinatal mental illness.However, the guidance stresses that other exact predictors, for example poor connections with her colleague, should not be utilised for the usual proposition of the development of a mental health disorder (Gotlib et al, 1991).The following questions must be asked when a pregnant woman attend to a health care professionalDuring the past month, have you often been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless?During the past month, have you often been bothered by having little(a) concern or delight in managing things?If the woman responses yes to both of these questions, a third enquiry should then be consideredIs this certain thing you seem you accept or desire assistant with?The use of self-report assesses for example the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) may be advised as part of a later evaluation or for the usual supervising of outcomes (Harris, 1994).If a likely mental health disorder is recognised throughout pregnancy or the postnatal period, a further assessment will be neededIf the woman has or is hypothetical of having a critical mental sickness (for demonstration bipolar disorder or schizophrenia), she should be mentioned to a mental health care service, encompassing, if appropriate, an expert perinatal mental health service professional (Hagen et al, 2007).The womans GP should be acquainted in all situations even if no further evaluation or referral is do (Hoffman and Drotar, 1991).And in writing care plan coverin g the pregnancy, consignment and the postnatal period should be evolved for with child women with a present or past history of critical mental sickness, generally in the first trimester. This should be evolved in collaboration with the woman and her colleague, family and carers, and encompass expanded communication with mental health service professional (Fowles, 1996).The guidance suggests there should be apparently particular care pathways so that all applicable prime and lesser healthcare professionals understand how to take hold of access to evaluation and treatment (Hoffman, 1991).NICE states that there is clues to support the use of aimed at psychosocial interventions for women who have symptoms of depression and/or disquiet that manage not get together the threshold for a prescribed diagnosis. The guidance interprets that certain treatment or support for a postnatal woman should be advised when symptoms manage not rendezvous diagnostic criteria but significantly hinder with personal and communal functioning (Hagen et al, 2007).For this assembly of women the following should be consideredOffering one-to-one, short psychological treatment (four to six sessions), for example interpersonal psychotherapy or cognitive behavioural treatment for mental health service users who have had a preceding installation of depression or anxietyOffering communal support throughout pregnancy and the postnatal period (such as normal casual one-to-one or group-based support) for women who have not had a preceding episode of depression or anxiety (Fowles, 1996).However, it adds that psychosocial interventions conceived expressly to decrease the prospect of evolving a mental health disorder should not be part of usual antenatal and But it adds that treatment conclusions are perplexing by the occurrence of the evolving foetus, breastfeeding and the timescales enforced by pregnancy and birth (Hagen et al, 2007).As an outcome, it contends that the thresholds for non-drug treat ments, especially psychological treatments, are probable to be smaller than those set in NICE clinical guidelines.It emphasises that women who require psychological treatments should be glimpsed for treatment commonly within one month of primary evaluation and no longer than three months afterwards (Goodman, 2004).The NICE guidance summaries the function doctors can tender in noticing, stopping and nurturing for women with a mental health disorder when planning for a pregnancy, throughout pregnancy and the postnatal period. Mental health promotion becomes very important for the people who are plannning to have a child or those who are already pregnant or newly born mother. It should be mentioned that postnatal depression is possible to occour but they should be aware that it is treatable (Harris, 1994).When in a clinical setting dealing with a patient with a mental illness, it is faithful practice to communicate effectively and adjust the skills accordingly to the patient. For exa mple speak clearly, slowly and ask open-ended questions. Observing any change in mood and behaviour at all times for safety reasons.REFERENCECox, J., Holden, J., Sagovsky, R. (1987) Detection of postnatal depression Development of the 10 item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782-786.

Find largest digit in c program

Find largest anatomy in c programmumbers ( despotic,nagative,integer,double numbers) from the keyboard and prints area,largest number,negcount,reverse,average.*///including header fileinclude using namespace std// principal(prenominal) declarationvoid main() //declaring variables int num int sum1=0 float sum2=0 int negcount=0 int i=0 int largest int smallest float average=0.0 int temp1=0 int temp2=0 float area=0.0 int radius int large int small int temp3 int b int temp4 int temp int poscount=0 float pi=3.14 for(i=0 i //Reading numbers from user cout cin num if(i==0) largest=num smallest=num temp=num if(i==1) temp3=num if( num 0 )//Considering positive numbers if(poscount==0) large=num small=num sum1= sum1+num poscount++ else // considering negative numbers if(negcount==0) temp1=num if(negcount==1) temp2=num if(temp2 sum2=temp1+temp2 average = sum2/2 negcount++ // checking the largest number of given 8 numbers if ( num smallest = num if ( num largest ) larges t = num //checking the smallest positive number if(num0) if ( num Find largest digit in c program small = num if ( num = large ) large = num radius=small area=pi*(radius*radius)//calculating the area of the circle // reversing the first both numbers entred b=temp-((temp/10)*10) temp4=b //printing outputs for given inputscoutcout cout cout coutcoutcoutcout

Milk Brands In Mauritius

milk Brands In MauritiusLiterature review is a critical and an evaluative summary of the themes, issues, and arguments of a specific clearly defined research topic. The get hold of of this chapter is to review the headsprings of findings about the title how take out injurys affect the acquire decisions of consumers.2.1 Brief History on Milk Brands in MauritiusMauritius imports draw powders from Australia and New Zealand. The milk powders befool incompatible scrape names such as farming ara, Twin cow and anformer(a)(prenominal)s all(prenominal) depend the countries, which it deduct from. Once it reaches the home country, it is being channeled to devil or more industries in Mauritius for its encase. Then, it is being sold in bulk to shops, super and hypermarkets. Companies such as Innodis Ltd, ISO Pack Ltd, Eden vale Distri butors Ltd, and other pack the diverse milk brands and distribute them.However, Mauritius imports milk from other countries because its role has r apidly been increased. In addition, importation of milk is becoming necessary for Mauritius due to increase in learn of mark milk by Mauritian clients. Regardless to the price and quantity, quality of the ingathering has always been the master(prenominal) fixings for customers in their increase selection. Branding plays a key role in the recognition of the product.The annual consumption of milk in Mauritius is approximately nine millions litres which is equivalent to 12% of the total consumption of different brand names (Hulman et al., 1990). There is a rise in the demand for milk in Mauritius. In 2013, the Mauritian customers argon moving towards mostly Farmland due to its quality and advertisement on T.V and radio. In our island, the brand names for milk rent substitutes due to the different brand names available on the market. Thus, if we argon not satisfied with a particular milk brand, we always render the choice to opt for another brand. According to AGA Webmaster FOA (2013), the aim is to ensure milk brand marketed in Mauritius are affordable and the emphasis on Human Resources Development (H.R.D) and provision of inputs and services to enhance production and milk brand bear upon to facilitate marketing in Mauritius.In the year 1971, the Milk and Meat Project Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) interpreted that, in that location is a want of supplement limited milk production. Furthermore, it was not delayd whether it was energy or protein in the supplement that was important, and the basal diet of cane tops and grasses was not evaluated. The FAO has turn up that milk yield could be increased significantly by better alimentation and management.2.2 Elements That Influences Consumers Towards Milk Brand by means of advertising, material body and media commentary milk brands have made its get in in the market in Mauritius. This leads branding to give an image of the product to consumers to make a purchase decision. As per Pearce (2013), the elements that influence consumers are as followsNAMELOGOTASTEFONTSCOLOR SCHEMEPACKAGEGRAPHICSSHAPESThese points above shared an advance information about implicit values, ideas, benefits and as well as it developed the personality of the consumers while buying the product.Consumers face purchasing decisions nearly every day. Hence, they established a willingness to purchase brand products. Consumers purchasing decisions of brand milk have created certain attributes and interactions in recent years using several methods by means of twain qualitative and quantitative (Anon, n.d).2.3 The richness Of Branding When Consumers Take Purchasing DecisionAccording to Kotler (1994), Branding is the best way to establish the authority, niche and credibleness and authority of individual and business. In other words branding is not yet convenient for business or for repeated customer but in each case easier for others to filter out the countless generic items. The bargaining power of Mau ritius is limited. Recently, in an article published on the website businessmega, it was found that about 10,000 metric tons of milk powder is import on a yearly basis depending on demand and consumption, which is less in quantity in comparison to other countries. The Executive director of La Trobe ltd, Mr. L. Wong and the supplier of snowy milk stated that local anaesthetic distributors have the entire influence over the prices (Anon, 2011).The importance of branding is as followsBranding conducts information about the business.Share all types of information about the product to the market.It establishes an identity in order for consumers to recognize the product very well.Branding gives consumers the assurance that the entire products they buy are credulous and enable positive responses from the latter.Branding gives a strategic position in the market and through this, compevery eventually leads to increased profits.Branding shows an advance enlarge for exampleCost of the pro ductsPackagingMarketing and advertising strategiesDistribution channels and so on.Branding is the powerful factor in marketing, which helps consumers in taking purchasing decision. When the client is satisfied with a given branded product, they tend to revert to the same brand supplier, (Badgujar (Roll No.04)).2.4 Brand Awareness To ConsumersDonald (2010) defined brand awareness as the customers ability to recall and recognize the brand under different conditions and link to the brand name, logo, and so on to certain associations in memory. That is brand awareness encompasses both brand recognition and brand recall. It helps the customers to understand to which product or service category the particular brand be hankers and what products and services are sold under the brand name. It besides ensures that customers know which of their needs are satisfied by the brand through its products.Brand awareness is of critical importance since customers will not contend a particular brand i f they are not aware of it (Donald, 2010). However, Epstein (1977) argued that human and brand personality traits share the same conceptualization but they differentiate in terms of how they are created.There are three types of brand awareness, which are as followsTop-of-Mind Awareness occurs when the companys brand is what pops into a consumers mind when asked to name brands in a product category. For example, when or so champion is asked to name a type of facial tissue, the green answer is Kleenex, which is a top-of-mind brand.Aided Awareness occurs when a consumer reads a list of brands, and expresses familiarity with companys brand only after they hear or see it as a type of memory aide.Strategic Awareness occurs when the companys brand is not only top-of-mind to consumers, but also has distinctive qualities that stick out to consumers as making it better than the other brands in your market.These three types of awareness above inform consumers about some objectives that a l egal brand of milk product will achieve includeMotivates the buyersConcretes user loyaltyDelivers the message clearlyConnects the consumers target prospects emotionallyConfirms the consumers credibilityIn Mauritius, almost everyone consumes branded milk such as Anchor, Farmland, Snowy, bolshie Cow, and others on a manoeuvreaday basis.2.5 Milk Brand Production And Milk priceBranding can result in higher gross revenue of other types and varieties of product associated with a specific branded product. Branding should also analyze by more than the difference between the actual cost of a product and its selling price and they represent the sum of all valuable qualities of a product to the consumer. The branding concept here is taking into account complexity of human behavior and benefit of consumers. Our country import milk from various countries that increase the consumption and the productivity of dairy product in Mauritius.Other countries such as Europe, Australia, and New Zealand and so on are also the exporters for Mauritius.Europe produces milk, New Zealand produces Red Cow and Australia produces Snowy milk, Farmland, Dolly and Anchor.Furthermore, the price hike of imported milk is forcing mass to diminish consumption. Multiple actors show the situation will not change and local production is the only way out. 80% of the milk consumed in Mauritius comes from Australia and New Zealand by Olivier Masson, 2 July 2007 Port Louis.According to Lake (n.d), branding is ones identity in the marketplace. She stated that, it is crucial to realize that packaging always either has a negative or positive influence on the buyer. A negative imagination can detour a potential client, just like a positive reaction can influence a customer to buy. She also utter that one should pay special attention to packaging when a new brand is launch. This is because many people often do not pay pixilated attention to the packaging if it is a popular brand.How can you package your brand so that it is an integral part of your business and represents a strong identity? aliment in mind that we are not speaking that packaging has only a box, which contains a product, but as a medium, that reflects your companys brand and image. The following common business tools represent packagingBusiness cards and stationeryWeb siteAnswering systemEmail addressFood packaging is packaging for food. It requires protection, tampering resistance, and special physical, chemical, or biological needs. Milk plays an important role in peoples goal of eating healthily and having an active lifestyle. Milk manufacturers therefore are riding this trend by introducing milk brands that are aimed at health-conscious people. Extracted from the Inspiration Hive, Daily Inspiration on July 9, 2012.With the statement, packaging is a way of formulating a practicable marketing strategy for milk brand. The products presentation leads to a competitive pricing policy and a well-planned advertising c ampaign will convince consumers to purchase the branded milk.2.5.2 PreservationIn Mauritius, almost everyone consumes branded milk such as Anchor, Farmland, Snowy, Red Cow, and others on a daily basis. Thus, branded milk imported in bulk from other countries and conservation plays is a major factor during these periods. The process of Ultra-high temperature takes place. That is, milk preserved by UHT processing does not need to refrigerate ahead opening and has a keen-sighteder shelf life than milk in ordinary packaging. It is sold unrefrigerated in the UK, Europe, Latin America, and Australia. This process helps trade to take place and fulfill the choice, needs, and wants of consumers.2.6 The Objectives Of Brand In Purchasing DecisionBranding is a way to communicate to consumers about the types of products available in the markets. This gives rise to some objectives that should be taken into consideration while dealing with consumers, (Kotler et al. 2001).The objectives that bran ding should achieve includeDelivers the message clearlyConfirms consumers credibilityConnects consumers target prospects emotionallyMotivates the buyerConcretes user verityTherefore, to succeed in branding, companies mustiness understand the needs and wants of customers and prospects stated by Kotler and Armstrong, 2008. Therefore, by integrating the companys brand strategies through the company at every point of public contact will lead to an increase in demands of products stated by Laura Lake.Taking into consideration the objectives of brand milk in purchasing decisions, marketers also focus in marketing strategies which are promotion and promotion mix, tools of promotion, advertising and gaining the market share.2.6.1 Promotion And Promotion MixBased on Kotler, 1994, promotion is the one-quarter marketing mix tool. It is the different activities that companies undertake to communicate and promote its products to the target market.Nowadays, companies hire advertising agencies to develop effective advertisements, sales promotion specialist to design buying-incentive programs, direct marketing specialists to build database and interact with consumers and prospect by mail and telephone, public apprisal firms to supply product publicity and terminally develop incorporated image of the brand.Furthermore, the promotion mix consists of quint major tools referring to Kotler, 1994, are as followsAdvertisingDirect marketingSales PromotionPublic Relation and packagingPersonal SellingMcCharty 1982, p.37, stated that promotion is concerned with telling the target market about the advanced product. Promotion includes personal selling, mass selling, and sales promotion.Through the statement of Kotler and McCharty, the aim of purchasing brand milk will lead to an effective measure to make better purchasing decisions.2.6.2 TOOLS Of PROMOTIONThe four main tools of promotion are advertising, public relation, direct marketing and sales promotion which convey the mess age to the consumers.Advertising includes any paid forms of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. In contrast, public relations focus on building good relations with the company by obtaining favorable complimentary publicity. Direct marketing is any form of personal presentation by the firms sales force for the purposes of making sales and building customer relationships. Firms use sales promotion to provide short-time incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of products or services, stated by Armstrong and Kilter, 1999.Tools of promotion encourage and motivate consumers to purchase brand milk along the benefits providing to them.2.6.3 AdvertisingAccording to Armstrong and Kotler (1999), regardless to the budget size, advertising can succeed only if commercials gain attention and communicate well. Good advertising messages are especially important in todays costly and cluttered advertising environment. Two steps are invol vedFirstly, creating effective advertising strategies drives with identifying customer benefits that can be use as advertising appeals.Secondly, to develop a compelling creative concept that will bring the message to life in a distinctive and memorable way.Advertising is also the integral part of our social and economic system. In other words, it is a co commitment of modern marketing, which helps the consumers at least(prenominal) in three ways to purchase brand milk, which are as followsIt acts as driving force in decision making.It ensures better quality products as reasonable prices.It saves good deal of time.2.6.4 Gaining The Market ShareReferring to Kilter, 1988, gaining market share is a key factor in reaching a leadership or number one position in any industry. However, gaining significant share requires careful planning, thoughtful well-executed market strategies, and specific account-by-account practical plans.Gaining market share is an highly important component in the promotion of marketing strategies. Thus, it is difficult for a company to obtain loyalty without gaining high market share. Kilter (1988) also suggested that the five major strategies, which consist of price, new product, service, strength, and quality of marketing, advertising, and sales promotion, are important for a company.2.7 Factors Of Brand PositioningPositioning is how a product appears in relation to other products in the market. It is one of the main factors that affect consumers perceptions of the milk brand. Brand positioning can help make or break a product depending on the effectiveness of its execution, (subtracted from brand by social).The factors of brand positioning are as follows1. Brand AttributesWhat the brand delivers through features and benefits to consumers?2. Consumer ExpectationsWhat consumers expect to receive from the brand?3. challenger attributesWhat the other brands in the market offer through features and benefits to consumers?4. PricePrice is an e asy quantifiable factor and as well as the prices to compete with other companies.5. Consumer perceptionsThe perceived quality and value of the companys brand in consumers minds (i.e., does the companys brand offer the cheap solution, the good value for the money solution, the high-end, high-price tag solution and so on ), adduceed by Aaker and Keller 1990, Aaker and Keller 1992, Sunde and Brodie 1993, Dacin and Smith 1994, Bottomley and Dolye 1996.So, this take some time to create a thorough picture of the current market and how the companys brand fits in that market to determine the companys brands current position. If that is not the position you want for the companys brand, take the necessary steps to change it based on the gaps defined when the company analyzed the five factors above.2.8 Milk Production In MauritiusCurrently, in Mauritius we are producing 12% of our local milk production that is 12million liters per year. The government of Mauritius has been encouraging farmer s to engage in milk production by providing loans facilities of up to Rs 50,000 per head (with 5% interest). Through this initiative, local milk production has increased slightly over the past years (local milk production was 2% in 2003). However, there are still several challenges faced by comprehenders and entrepreneurs in the diary industry the main challenge is the high cost of production, mention in 2013 Nawsheens World, templates Monday, October 31, 2011.Mauritius produces a few milk brands, which are as followsIsland DairyOleTwin CowsCandiaMaurilaitOver the past years, the cost of production has been continuously increase mainly because of the price of animal feeds, hence reducing profitability in the business. Milk production will mainly depend onManagement of feeding programsCalf and heifer managementReproductive management of dairy cowsMilking managementOther husbandry practices related to animal health and welfare, housing, environment and bio-security measures, (2013 Na wsheens World, templates Monday, October 31, 2011).However, as long as local suppliers cannot sustain our domestic market, no other stuff than milk is more linked with the drawbacks of globalization. 80% of the milk consumed in Mauritius comes from New Zealand and Australia, explains Jean-Cyril Monty, the police officer in charge of the diversification desk at the Mauritius Chamber of Agriculture. The latter also suggested that, now that the price has risen by 40% since the beginning of the year 2007, people are diminishing their consumption. This rise in price, which he believes will continue with another 30% by the end of the year, is related to multiple factors outside our control.2.8.1 Findings On Production Of Milk In MauritiusThe quantity of milk produced by the village cows in this experiment (9.2 kg/d during 300 days) is higher than the modal(a) production of between 3.5 and 9.2 kg/d account for the Government stations where cow feed is fed at the rate of 0.5 kg/kg milk. It is also relevant to compare it with the milk production of unsupplemented village cows (4 to 5 kg/d for a lactation period of around 225 days).Although there were only 23 (about 25%) Creole cows in the study their milk production potential appeared to be equal to the more exotic genotypes with a daily mean of 9.6 and 8.3 kg per head for a 301- day lactation in the Vacoas and Mapou areas respectively. This indicates that under these village conditions the Creole breed has a similar performance to the imported Friesians or their crosses.Mauritius milk production can sum up in the following waysThe village cattle breeders own about 11000 females over one year of age. This represents about 65% of the female national herd in this age group.The cattle are a side-line activity of the family.There are normally one to two cows per farmNo forage is specifically cultivated for the cows. Forage sources include sugar cane tops, and shrubs and grasses, which are found on roadsides and on commo n land.The housing and shelter of the tethered animals is often rudimentary.Milk is sold to neighbours or to small scale (20 25 l/d) milk sellers who and so distribute the milk.There is little or no use of slenderize feeds as supplements to the hand-collected forage.The cattle are a mixture of the local Creole breed and Friesians. Artificial insemination is subsidised by the Government and is widely utilise.Milk production is generally low (1200 1500 liters per lactation).There are generally relatively short lactations (about 225 250 days) and long calving intervals (15 18 months).On the basis that the small breeders make a major contribution to national production of fresh milk the work reported here was designed to investigate the extent to which productivity in this sector could be improved.As far back as 1956, Bennie reported that the local Creole cattle could double their milk production with improved feeding. In 1971, an FAO project on Milk and Meat Production suggested that the most important factor limiting milk production was the supply of a protein concentrate to the cow. This FAO project also demonstrated that milk yield could be increased considerably by better feeding and management. (By A A Boodoo, R Ramjee, B Hulman, F Dolberg* and J B Rome*).More recently, Dolberg and Rowe (1984), in reviewing experimental work do by the Mauritian Ministry of Agriculture on milk production, concluded that under local conditions greatest responses in milk production would be expected from protein supplementation.They referred to the work of Mapoon et al (1977) which showed that ground nut cake was more efficient then either a balanced concentrate feed, or a molasses/urea mixture, as a supplement for milk production and to that of Gaya et al (1982) who reported that supplementation with cottonseed cake increased milk production more effectively than the formulated concentrate emailprotected In fact, similar increases in milk production were achieved with about half the level of cotton seed cake as commercial concentrate. A indorse advantage of cottonseed cake as a supplementary feed is that it requires no mixing.The project described here was designed to investigate and compare the effect of two types of supplements the commercial concentrate emailprotected and the protein-rich cotton seed cake. In addition to the measurements of milk production the study provided the opportunity to investigate, the nutritive value of the most commonly used feed resources (see Boodoo et al 1990).Factors Influencing Brand PreferenceKotler (1988) identified affective means of increasing market share as a primary means of achieving competitive advantage in both existing and new customers and stagnant markets.Brand penchant is also known as brand adoption. Lalit S. Badgujar (Roll No.04) stated that, people begin to develop preferences at early ages. Brand preference represents which brands are preferred under assumptions of equality in price and avail ability.Cooper (1993) noted that most innovations come with high risks as most of them failed in the marketplace creating the need for marketers to have a clear understanding of success factors in brand adoption. Theories of adoption have often been used to explain how consumers form references for various goods and services (Rogers, 1995 Tornasky and Klein, 1982 Mason, 1990 Charlotte, 1999). Generally, these theories emphasize on the importance of complexity, compatibility, observability, triability, relative advantage, risk, cost, communicability, divisibility, profitability, social approval, and product characteristics in brand preference (Wee, 2003). The relative importance of each factor depends on the nature of industry under consideration, location, and social characteristics of the consumers of the different brands.In this study, we have focused on four main factors, which the customer depends upon while selecting the brand, which are as follows2.9.1 PricePrice is a factor, which the consumer may depend while selecting a brand in any kind of product. Most of the consumers may give first preference to quality than the other factors. However, price can have an influence for the final decision of the consumer. If there are two or more brands, for a particular product, the manufacturers will reduce the price in order to attract the consumer but still the consumer must see the quality provided.2.9.2 QualityIn addition, quality of product is another key factor during product selection. Especially in the case of milk, we should depend upon than any other factors the quality. High quality will give us a good health. Pasteurization will also conduct in order to keep an eye on the quality of the milk. The quality of the milk should be good to attract the customers, Kilter (1988).2.9.3 ServicesService is an important factor, which the customer is influenced in the modern market. Placing the orders in the right time at the right place is the part of good servicin g.2.9.4 AdvertisementAdvertising as a powerful technique of sales promotion has been doing wonders in the domain distribution because it is quite capable of influencing the course of consumption, affecting the process of production, enlarging the exchange and diversify the distribution. That is why it is said that advertising is the arch median jimmy that motivates the world of commerce and industry. It has the pride of the place in framework of dynamic marketing. The role of advertising in the modern business world can be analyzed from five distinct angles namely manufacturer, intermediaries, sales force, consumers and the society.The ultimate aim of all marketing efforts is to satisfy the needs of the consumers by transforming the benefits of productive efficiency to the final users.2.10 ConclusionTo conclude, this chapter is mainly about branding that is, its importance, concepts, positioning and so on. According to Shimp (2007), consumers represent the starting point for all ma rketing activities. Therefore, in this part of the project, it is viewed how to communicate with customers and send them feedback about the types of products available in the market. In the literature review, different parts have described in details to make a good analysis and choice for milk brand selection.